Understanding Diabetes: Types, Symptoms, and Risk Factors

September 27, 2024

Understanding the different types of diabetes and how to manage the condition is crucial for those who are living with diabetes and those who are supporting loved ones who live with it. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes.

1. Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells (beta cells) in the pancreas. As a result, the body stops producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar (glucose). Type 1 diabetes is primarily diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults typically before the age of 21, but it can develop at any age. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors, such as viral infections, may trigger it.

Some symptoms of diabetes may include:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Unintentional weight loss
• Fatigue and weakness
• Blurred vision
• Extreme hunger

People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day (either via injections or an insulin pump) to regulate their blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is necessary. Diet and exercise also play a role in managing the condition.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

3. Gestational Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. The body becomes less sensitive to insulin during pregnancy, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. It typically affects pregnant women during the second or third trimester. It usually goes away after giving birth, but it can increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Hormones produced during pregnancy can make the body resistant to insulin, leading to gestational diabetes in some women. Risk factors include obesity, a history of gestational diabetes, or a family history of diabetes.

Symptoms for Gestational Diabetes (sometimes mild or undetected):

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue

Some women may not notice symptoms, which is why routine screening during pregnancy is important. Managing gestational diabetes typically involves a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Sometimes insulin or oral medication may be needed. After pregnancy, the mother should continue monitoring her blood sugar levels to check for Type 2 diabetes.

Now that you know more about the different types of diabetes, you can see why healthy dieting, exercise and knowledge is very important. Not only for yourself but for your loved ones who are experiencing it. Remember to always see your provider for your yearly wellness exams and speak to your provider if you have been experiencing any of the symptoms related to diabetes. Prevention and early detection are key!